Complex-valued system identification has the ability to provide the basis for system analysis. So as to demonstrate the potential and internal mechanism of the complex-valued system. this paper proposes a novel complex-valued hybrid evolutionary (CSE) algorithm to optimize the complex-valued expression model (CEM). Complex-valued gene expression programming (CVGEP) is proposed to opti... https://www.goodvibesbadhabiters.shop/product-category/metal-anal/